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2016年5月25日 星期三

中国媒体常提到的节日 I 传统篇 以及媒体评论

中国媒体常提到的节日 I 传统
(Days/Festivals often mentioned in Chinese Media, Part I, Traditional Ones)


三大节日(Three Major Festivals)

春节阴历一月一日,象征冬天将近,春天将临;两周后一月十五日,是元宵节
Spring Festival or Lunar New Year Day, marking the advent of Spring, the beginning of a lunar year, with Lantern Festival, about two weeks afterward.

端午阴历五月五日,象征夏天到来,同时纪念爱国诗人屈原
Dragon Boat Festival, marking the coming of summer on the 5th of the 5th lunar month.  On this day, people commemorate Qu Yuan, a patriotic poet in ancient time.

中秋阴历八月十五,象征秋天来临
Mid-autumn Festival, marking the arrival of autumn on the 15th of the 8th lunar month.


饮食习俗:(relevant food culture)

以上三节被称为“一年三大节”,按照中国传统,这三个节日,各有各的饮食传统:
The "three major festivals" above bring respective foods of celebration

春节:各式的“年菜”:年糕、腊肠、各式干货、元宵节的汤圆
Spring Festival: various kinds of "Dishes for New Year", made from New Year Cakes, Cured Sausage, and other dried goods, and dumpling made of stick rice and filled with various fillings for Lantern Festival, which comes fortnight afterwords.
端午:粽子
Dragon Boat Festival: Zongzi, sticky-rice dumpling warpped in leaves, filled with various fillings
中秋:月饼
Mid-autumn Festival: Moon cakes, baked pastry with hard crust filled with various fillings.

Food = Gift = Corruption
以上的食品也成为传统的节日礼物,大家在这一天之前,都会找机会互相送礼,来代表祝愿和友谊,这也创造了不少商人牟利,以及官员腐败的机会。
The festival food mentioned above are ideal gift items among family members or friends, who give gifts to one and other as a token of good wishing or friendship.  This tradition has also created room for commercial gift makers to boost their profit, as well as the room for corruption among officials.

传统活动:Relevant activities in tradition

春节:除旧布新(大规模清洁扫除)、家人团聚吃“年夜饭”、欣赏央视春节晚会(近代)、拜年、出游“走春”,两周后的元宵节,人们则要玩花灯,或赏花灯。
Spring Festival: Ringing out the old and Ringing in the new, annual clean-up in larger scale, family reunion during the New Year's Eve in banquet, watching the CCTV New Year's Show (recently), Greeting each other, Picnicking in the outdoors.  Lighting up the lanterns and watching lantern exhibition.
端午:准备过夏天,包括衣物换季。龙舟比赛。
Dragon Boat Festival:  Getting oneself for the hot season, seasonally changing clothing in the wardrobe.  Racing dragon boat.
中秋:家人团圆赏月,中秋夜烤肉(近代发展出来的新习俗)
Mid-autumn Festival: Family reuniting again to enjoy the full moon, while having a BBQ party (a recent practice)


其他次要传统节日(other traditional days/festival)

清明节 (扫墓节,现在是阳历四月五日):前往墓园打扫祭拜祖先或亡者
Tomb Sweeping Day, currently on the 5th of April every year:  visit the graveyard of the dead and tidy up the surrounding
中元节(中元普渡日、鬼节,阴历七月十五):祭拜无人祭拜的野鬼
Ghost Festival, a day for the living to pay respect and tribute to the dead, especially those souls who are restlessly wandering on the roads.  The day is on the 15th of the 7th lunar month.
七夕(阴历七月七日,相传是“牛郎和织女在天上相会”的日子,现在是“中国人的情人节”)
Chinese lovers' day, on the 7th of the 7th lunar month.  It is believed to be the day when the Niu Lang (a mortal farmer) get to reunite briefly with Zhi Nue, an immortal celestial Weaving Lady.
七夕活动:中国和台湾的夫妇或情人会吃“七夕情人大餐” ,或互相赠送礼物
Relevant activities:  Enjoy a lovers' day feast in a restaurant, and give gift between lovers.
重阳(阴历九月九日,古代的“避难节日”,现在被定为“敬老节”)
Chong Yang Festival, traditionally a day to escape from disaster or plague, but now more known as the day to respect the aged, marking the 9th of the 9th lunar month)


常见评论栏目的观点
View Points from the Commentators of the Media:

提醒社会大众,重温传统价值(回家探望父母--尽孝道;扫墓--尊敬祖先)
reminding the Chinese citizens of revisiting the traditional values (filial piety in going home, pay respect to ancestors)
感叹传统节日“变味”,商业化破坏了传统的美
lamenting that the traditions have been ruined by over commercialization
警告或提防有人利用传统节日来谋取个人利益,进行贪腐行为
warning that there are people who use these traditional holidays to fulfill personal financial agenda and carry out corrupted activities.
举例赞赏政府在因应节日而出台的政策或做法
citing positive sides on the policy related with these festivals
建议政府采取步骤防范节日所带来的城市问题(拥堵、不当消费、食品安全问题......等)
providing the government with points or steps to prevent issues brought to the cities due to these festival. (congested roads, unduly consumption, food safety issues, etc.)
提倡科学观批判宗教的神秘迷信
Advocating for scientific approach, and denouncing the mysticism and superstition in religions.






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